Role of Sugars and Starches in Tooth Decay

Dental caries is an infectious disease in which bacterial by-products (i.e., acids) dissolve the hard surfaces of teeth. Unchecked, the bacteria can penetrate the dissolved surface, attack the underlying dentin, and reach the soft pulp tissue. Dental caries results from the interaction of four factors in the mouth.10 These factors must be present simultaneously for a long enough time in order to interact.

• Cariogenic plaque bacteria

• Fermentable substrate (i.e., sugars and starches)

• Host and tooth factors, including fluoride and other minerals

• Saliva flow and composition.